INFECTION AND CANCER

Cancer can happen because of an infection by a virus, bacteria or parasites:

• Hepatitis B & C can cause liver cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma) (Maupas and Melnick,1981)
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical and head and neck cancer (Bosch et al, 1995)
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) and Burkitt lymphoma (Thompson and Kurzrock, 2004)
• Malaria infection may interact with EBV to increase risk of Burkitt lymphoma (Brady et al, 2007)
• Schistosomal infestation can cause bladder cancer.
• Helicobacter pylori can cause stomach cancer

It is estimated that 18% of all cancers are caused by infections.(That is almost 1 in every 5 cancers!).

By treating or preventing the infections (through improved hygiene and public health measures, vaccination and screening), cancer occurrence can be reduced by 26% in developing countries. (Parkin, 2006)